Ning Lu

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Ning Lu

Ning Lu Professor and Geotechnical Engineer
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Colorado School of Mines
Golden, CO, USA
Phone: +1-303-273-3654
e-mail: ninglu@mines.edu

Other Websites:

Textbooks

Academic Degrees:

Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
M.S., The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
B.S., Wuhan University of Technology, China.

Selected Honors:

Distinguished Member, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2024
Karl Terzaghi Award, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2023
Norman Medal, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021
Maurice Biot Medal, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017
Ralph B. Peck Medal, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017
Practice Paper of the Year Award, GTJ, American Society for Testing Materials, 2016
Fellow, Engineering Mechanics Institute, 2015
Fellow, Geological Society of America, 2011
James J. Croes Medal, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010
Fellow, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008
Norman Medal, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007
Exemplary EBM for J. Geotech. & Geoenviron. Engrg., Geo-Institute, 2003
Outstanding AE for Journal of Ground Water, NGWA, 2001

Research Interests:

Rainfall and seepage induced slope instability and landslides
Electric, thermal, hydrological, chemical, and mechanical phenomena in soil
Hydro-mechanical behavior of swelling and collapsible soil
Vadose zone and hillslope hydrology live monitoring web page
Soil hydrological and mechanical property testing device development web page
Soil physical phenomena computer software development web page

Editorial Appointments:

Co-Editor, Vadose Zone Journal, SSSA, 2021-
Editorial Board Member, Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, 2009-
Editorial Board Member, Int. Journal of Geomechanics & Engineering, 2009-2022
Guest Editor,Vadose Zone Journal, SSSA, 2014-2015
Guest Editor,Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 2015-2016
Associate Editor,Vadose Zone Journal,SSSA, 2010-2013, 2016-2021
Advisory Board Member, Environmental Geotechnics, ICE, 2012-2019
Editorial Board Member, Georisk, 2008-2012
Editorial Board Member, Journal of Geotech. & Geoenviron. Engrg, 2000-2010
Associate Editor, Journal of Ground Water, NGWA,1999-2001

Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles:

169. Luo, S., Zhou, B., Lu, N., and Likos, W.J.Measurement of external and internal cation exchange capacity and implications to expansive soil classification. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, DOI:10.1520/GTJ20240085, 2024.
168. Gou, L., Lu, N., Hu, S., Calderon, A.R.A., and Zhang, C. Suction stress of soil slurry. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-12758, 2024.
167. Lu, N., Calderon, A.R.A., Wayllace, A., Lovekin, J., and ,Crandall, A. Suction stress-based rainfall intensity-duration method for slope instability prediction. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-12597, 2024.
166. Lu, N., Luo, S.,and Likos, W.J. Errors in conventional calculations of soil phase relationships. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-11957, 2024.
165. Luo, S., Zhou, B., Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Determining capillary pore-size distribution of soil from soil-water retention curve. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-11647, 2023.
164. Lu, N., and Likos, W.J. The inadequacy of conventional pore water pressure theory. Geostrata, October/November, 27(5), 18-19, 2023.
163. Lu, N., Gou, L., Zhang, C., Calderon, A.R.A., and Wayllace, A. Closure to uniqueness of suction stress value at liquid limit of soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002937, 2023.
162. Gou, L., Zhang, C., Lu, N., and Hu, S.A soil hydraulic conductivity equation incorporating adsorption and capillarity. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-11388, 2023.
161. Hu, S., Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Quantifying coupling effects between soil matric potential and osmotic potential. Water Resources Research, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033779, 2023.
160. Luo, S., Zhou, B., Peng, J., Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Unit weight of water in clayey soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-10844, 2023.
159. Flury, M., Lakshmi, V., Lu, N., and Vanderborght, J. Editorial: Open access on the move. Vadose Zone Journal, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20237, 2022.
158. Zhang, C., Hu, S., Qiu, Z., and Lu, N. A poroelasticity theory for soil incorporating adsorption and capillarity. Géotechnique, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.22.00097, 2022.
157. Lau, Z.C., Bouazza, A., Lu, N., and Gates, W.P. A generalized water retention model for geosynthetic clay liners. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002933 2022.
156. Lu, N., Calderon, A.R.A, and Wayllace, A. Uniqueness of suction stress value at liquid limit of soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002937 2022.
155. Zhang, C., Gou, L., Hu, S., and Lu, N. A thermodynamic formulation of water potential in soil. Water Resources Research, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032369, 2022.
154. Wang, Y., Hu, L., Luo, S., and Lu, N. Soil water isotherm model for particle surface sorption and inter lamellar sorption. Vadose Zone Journal, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20221, 2022.
153. Luo, S., Lu, N., Zhang, C., and Likos, W.J. Soil water potential: A historical perspective and recent breakthroughs. Vadose Zone Journal, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20203, 2022.
152. Lu, N., Luo, S., and Zhou, B. Water adsorption-induced pore water pressure in soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002814 2022.
151. Lu, N., and Dong, Y. Validating a unified effective stress equation for soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002761 2022.
150. Luo, S., Lu, N., and Dong, Y. Determination of soil sorptive potential by soil water isotherm. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002795 2022.
149. Zhang, C., Hu, S., and Lu, N. Unified elastic modulus characteristic curve equation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002781 2021.
148. Lehmann, P., Leshchinsky, B., Gupta, S., Mirus, B.B., Bickel, S., Lu, N., and Or. D. Clays are not created equal: How mineral type affects soil parameterization. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL095311. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095311 2021.
147. Luo, S., and Lu, N. Validating the generality of a closed-form equation for soil water isotherm. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002681 2021.
146. Wang, Y., Hu, L., Zhang, C., Luo, S., and Lu, N. Liquid cavitation during nitrogen sorption on soils. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0002008 2021.
145. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Closure to "unified effective stress equation for soil" by Chao Zhang and Ning Lu. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 147.2 (2021): 07020004,2021.
144. Hinds, E., Lu, N., Mirus, B., Godt,J.W., and Wayllace, A. Evaluation of techniques for mitigating snowmelt infiltration landsliding in a highway embankment. Engineering Geology, DOI: 2021.
143. Lu, N., Likos, W.J., Luo, S., and Oh, H. Is the conventional pore water pressure concept adequate for fine-grained soils in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering? Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002612 2021.
142. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Paradigm for soil freezing curves based on soil sorptive potential. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002597 2021.
141. Luo, S., Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Cavitation of water in soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002598 2021.
140. Zhou, B., and Lu, N. Assessments of water sorption methods to determine soil's specific surface area. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002598 2021.
139. Zhou, B., and Lu, N. Correlation between Atterberg Limits and soil adsorptive water. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002463 2020.
138. Dong, Y., and Lu, N. Measurement of suction stress and soil deformation at high suction range. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 44, 2020.
137. Dong, Y., Fox, P.J., and Lu, N. Drying induced consolidation in soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002327, 2020.
136. Dong, Y., Wei, C., and Lu, N. Identifying adsorptive water by soil water density. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002289, 2020.
135. Lu, N. Unsaturated soil mechanics: Fundamental challenges, breakthroughs, and opportunities. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002233, 2020.
134. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Unified effective stress equation for soil. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001718, 2020.
133. Lu, N., and Zhang, C. Separating external and internal surface area of soil particles. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002198, 2019.
132. Chen, P., Lu, N., and Wei, C. General scanning hysteresis model for soil-water retention curves. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1016/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002194, 2019.
131. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Soil sorptive potential: its determination and predicting soil water density. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002188, 2019.
130. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Augmented Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation for water adsorption on soils. Vadose Zone Journal, DOI: 10.2136/vzj2019.01.0011, 2019.
129. Hinds, E., Lu, N., Mirus, B., and Wayllace, A. Effects of infiltration characteristics on spatial-temporal evolution of stability of an interstate highway embankment . Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 145(8), DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002127,2019.
128. Wallace, A., Thunder, B., Lu, N., Khan, A., and Godt, J.W. Hydrological behavior of an infiltration-induced landslide in Colorado, USA. Geofluids, DOI:10.1155/2019/1659303, 2019.
127. Chen, P., and Lu, N. Closure to “Generalized equation for soil shrinkage curve” by Pan Chen and Ning Lu. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.07019012, 2019.
126. Lu, N. Revisiting axis translation for unsaturated soil testing. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 145(7), DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.02819001,2019.
125. Yatheendradas, S., Kirschbaum, D., Nearing, G., Vrugt, J.A., Baum, R.L., Wooten, R. Bayesian analysis of the impact of rainfall data product on simulated slope failure for North Carolina locations. Computational Geosciences, pp.1-28, 2019.
124. Lu, N., and Zhang, C. Soil sorptive potential: concept, theory, and verification. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002025, 2019.
123. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Unitary definition of matric suction. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002004, 2019.
122. Ebel, B.A., Godt, J.W., Lu, N., Coe, J.A., Smith, J.B., and Baum, R. Field and laboratory hydraulic characterization of landslide-prone soils in the Oregon Coast Range and implications for hydrologic simulation . Vadose Zone Journal, DOI:10.236/vzj2018.04.0078, 2018.
121. Chen, P., Lu, N., Formetta, G., Got, J.W., and Wallace, A. Tropical storm-induced landslide potential using combined field monitoring and numerical modeling. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001969, 2018.
120. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. What is the range of soil water density? Critical reviews with a unified model. Reviews of Geophysics, DOI: 10.1029/2018RG000597, 2018.
119. Reed, A.L., Novelli, A.P., Doran, K.L., Ge, S., Lu, N., and McCartney, J.S. Solar district heating with underground thermal energy storage: Pathways to commercial viability in North America. Renewable Energy, 126, 1-13, 2018.
118. Baser, T., Dong, Y., Morandi, A.M., Lu, N., Smits, K., Ge, S., Tartakovsky, D., and McCartney, J.S. Role of non equilibrium water vapor diffusion in thermal energy storage systems in the vadose zone. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001910, 2018.
117. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Measuring soil-water density by Helium pycnometer. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001929, 2018.
116. Lu, N., and Buscarnera, G. Mechanics of unsaturated porous media. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001489, 2018.
115. Chen, C., and Lu, N. Generalized equation for soil shrinkage curve. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001889, 2018.
114. Dong, Y., Lu, N., and McCartney, J.S. Scaling shear modulus from small to finite strain for unsaturated soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001819, 2018.
113. Thomas, M., Mirus, B., Collins, B.D., Lu, N., and Godt, J.W. Variability in soil-water retention properties and implications for physics-based simulation of landslide early warning criteria. Landslides, DOI: 10.10007/s10346-0950-z, February, 2018.
112. Lu, N., and Dong, Y. Correlation between soil-shrinkage curve and water-retention characteristics. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001741, 2017.
111. Morse, M.S., and Lu, N., Wayllace, A., Godt, J.W. Evolution of strain localization in variably-width three-dimensional unsaturated laboratory-scale cut slopes. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001286, 2017.
110. Khorshidi, M., and Lu, N. Quantification of exchangeable cations using soil water retention curve. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001732, 2017.
109. Chen, P., Mirus, B., Lu, N., and Godt, J.W. Effect of hydraulic hysteresis on stability of infinite slopes under steady infiltration. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001724, 2017.
108. Khorshidi, M., and Lu, N. Determination of cation exchange capacity from soil water retention curve. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001220, 2017.
107. Lu, N., and Dong, Y. Vapor condensation technique for measuring stress-strain relation of unsaturated soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001656, 2017.
106. Khorshidi, M., Lu, N., and Khorshidi, A. Intrinsic relationship between matric potential and cation hydration. Vadose Zone Journal, DOI: 10.2136/vzj2016.02.0001, 2017.
105. Dong, Y., and Lu, N. Measurement of suction-stress characteristic curve under drying and wetting conditions. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 40(1), DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20160058, 2017.
104. Zhang, K., Xue, X., Hong, Y., Gourley, J.J., Lu, N., Wan, Z., Hong, Z, and Wooten, R. iCRESTRIGERS: a coupled modeling system for cascading flood-landslide disaster forecasting. Hydro. Earth Syst Sci, 20, 5035-5048, 2016.
103. Khorshidi, M., and Lu, N. Intrinsic relation between soil water retention and cation exchange capacity. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001633, 2016.
102. Morandi, A., Smits, K.M., Lu, N., McCartney, J.S. Heat transfer in unsaturated soil with application to borehole thermal energy storage. Vadose Zone Journal, doi:10.2136/vzj2016.03.0027, 2016.
101. Vahedifard, F., Mortezaei, K., Leshchinsky, B., Leshchinsky, D., and Lu, N. Role of suction stress on service state behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures. Transportation Geotechnics, DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2016.02.002, 2016.
100. Dong, Y., and Lu, N. Dependence of shear wave velocity and shear modulus of soil on saturation. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001147, 2016.
99. Khorshidi, M., and Lu, N., Akin,I.D., and Likos, W.J. Intrinsic relationship between specific surface area and soil water retention. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001572, 2016.
98. Formetta, G., Simoni, S., Godt, J.W., Lu, N., and Rigon R. Geomorphological control on variably saturated hillslope hydrology and slope stability. Water Resources Research, 52, DOI: 10.1002/2015WR017626, 2016.
97. Dong, Y., and Lu, N. Correlation between small-strain shear modulus and suction stress in capillary regime under zero total stress conditions. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001531, 2016.
96. Zeidman, B., Lu, N., Wu, D.T. Hysteresis of liquid adsorption in porous media by coarse-grained Monte Carlo with direct experimental validation. Journal of Chemical Physics, 144, DOI: 10.1063/1.4948437, 2016.
95. Lu, N. Generalized soil water retention equation for adsorption and capillarity. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001524, 2016.
94. Dong, Y., Lu, N., and McCartney, J.S. Unified model for small-strain shear modulus of variably saturated soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001506, 2016.
93. Vahedifard, F., Leshchinsky, D., Mortezaei, K., and Lu, N. Effective stress-based limit-equilibrium analysis for homogeneous unsaturated slopes.International Journal of Geomechanics, D4016003, 2016.
92. Baser, T., Lu, N., and McCartney, J.S. Operational response of a soil-borehole thermal energy storage system. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001432, 2015.
91. Vahedifard, F., Leshchinsky, B.A., Mortezaei, K., and Lu, N. Active earth pressures for unsaturated retaining structures. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141(11), 04015048, 2015.
90. Bordoni, M., Meisina, C., Valentino, R., Lu, N., Bittelli, M., and Chersich, S. Hydrological factors affecting rainfall-induced shallow landslides: From the field monitoring to a simplified slope stability analysis. Engineering Geology, 193, 19-37, 2015.
89. Alsherif, N., Wayllace, A., and Lu, N. Measuring the soil water–retention curve under positive and negative matric suction regimes. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 38, 442-451, 2015.
88. Lu, N., and Khorshidi, M. Mechanisms for soil-water retention and hysteresis at high suction range. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141(8), 04015032, 2015.
87. Lu, N., and Dong, Y. Closed-form equation for thermal conductivity of unsaturated soils at room temperature. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141(6), 04015016, 2015.
86. Dong, Y., McCartney, J.S., and Lu, N. Critical review of thermal conductivity models for unsaturated soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 33(2), 207-221, 2015.
85. Oh, S., and Lu, N. Slope stability analysis under unsaturated conditions: Case studies of rainfall-induced failure of cut slopes. Engineering Geology, 184, 96-103, 2015.
84. Oh, S., Lu, N., Kim, T.K., and Lee, Y.H. Closure to “Experimental validation of suction stress characteristic curve from nonfailure triaxial K0 consolidation Tests” by S. Oh, N. Lu, T.-K. Kim, and Y. H. Lee. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140(10), p.07014027, 2014.
83. Lu, N., Asherif, N., Wayllace, A., and Godt, J.W. Closing the loop of the soil water retention curve. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001119, 2014.
82. Dong, Y., Lu, N., Wayllace, A., and Smits, K. Measurement of thermal conductivity function of unsaturated soil using a transient water release and imbibition method. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, 37(6), DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20140046, 2014.
81. Lu, N., Khalili, N., Nikooee, E., and Hassanizadeh, S.M. Principle of effective stress in variably saturated porous media. Vadose Zone Journal, doi:10.2136/vzj2014.04.0038, 2014.
80. Morse, M.S., Lu, N., Wayllace, A., Godt, J.W., and Take, W.A. Experimental test of theory for stability of partially saturated vertical cut slopes. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001119, 2014.
79. Wang, J., Xiang, W., and Lu, N. Landsliding triggered by reservoir operation: a general conceptual model with a case study at Three Gorges Reservoir. Acta Geotechnica, DOI 10.1007/s11440-014-0315-2, 2014.
78. Lu, N., Kaya, M., and Godt, J.W. Interrelations among the soil-water retention, hydraulic conductivity function, and suction stress characteristic curves. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140, DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001085, 2014.
77. Oh, S., and Lu, N. Uniqueness of suction stress characteristic curve under different confining stress conditions. Vadose Zone Journal, doi:10.2136/vzj2013.04.0077, 2014.
76. Lu, N., and Kaya, M. Power law for elastic moduli of unsaturated soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140(1), 46-56, 2014.
75. Likos, W.J., Lu, N., and Godt, J.W. Hysteresis and uncertainty in soil-water retention curve parameters. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 139(12), DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001071, 2013.
74. Revil, A., and Lu, N. Unified water isotherms for clayey porous media. Water Resources Research, 49, 1–15, doi:10.1002/wrcr.20426, 2013.
73. Lu, N., Wayllace, A., and Oh, S. Infiltration-induced seasonally reactivated instability of a highway embankment near the Eisenhower Tunnel, Colorado, USA. Engineering Geology, 162, 22-32, 2013.
72. Oh, S., Lu, N., Kim, T.K., Lee, H.Y. Experimental validation of suction stress characteristic curve from non-failure triaxial K0 consolidation tests. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 139, 2013.
71. Lu, N., Godt, J., Kaya, M., and Collins, B. Hysteresis of unsaturated hydro-mechanical properties of silty soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 139, 507–510, 2013.
70. Lu, N., and Kaya, M. A drying cake method for measuring suction stress characteristic curve, soil-water retention, and hydraulic conductivity function. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 36, 1–19, doi:10.1520/GTJ20120097, 2013.
69. Lu, N., Sener, B., Wayllace, A., and Godt, J. Analysis of rainfall-induced slope instability using a field of local factor of safety. Water Resources Research, 48, W09524, doi:10.1029/2012WR011830, 2012.
68. Morse, M.S., Lu, N., Godt, J.W., Revil, A., and Coe, J.A. A comparison of soil thickness in a zero-order basin in the Oregon coast range using a soil probe and electrical resistivity tomography. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 138, 1470-1482, 2012.
67. Willson, C. Lu, N., and Likos, W.J. X-Ray Computer-Aid-Tomography for unsaturated sand. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 35(6), 1-13, doi:10.1520/GTJ20120075, 2012.
66. Godt, J.W., Sener, B., and Lu, N. Stability of infinite slope under transient infiltration conditions. Water Resources Research, 48, W05505, doi:10.1029/2011WR011408, 2012.
65. Oh, S, Lu, N., Kim, Y.K., Lee, S.J., and Lee, S.R. Relation between the soil water characteristic curve and the suction stress characteristic curve: experimental evidence from tests on residual soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 138, 47–57, 2012.
64. Wayllace, A., and Lu, N. Transient water release and imbibitions method for rapidly measuring wetting and drying soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 35, 1-15, 2012.
63. Revil, A., Woodruff, W., and Lu, N. Constitutive equations for coupled flows in porous media. Water Resources Research, 47, W05548, doi:10.1029/2010WR010002, 2011.
62. Likos, W.J., Lu, N., and Wenzel, W. Performance of a dynamic dew point method for moisture isotherms of clays. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 34(4), GTJ102901, 2011.
61. Lu, N., Sener, B., and Godt J.W. Direction of unsaturated flow in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope. Water Resources Research, 47, W02519, doi:10.1029/2010WR010003, 2011.
60. Lu, N., Zeidman, B., Willson, C., Lusk, M., and Wu, D.T. A Monte Carlo paradigm for capillarity in porous materials. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045599, 2010.
59. Likos, W.J., Wayllace, A., Godt, J., and Lu, N. Modified direct shear apparatus for unsaturated sands at low suction and stress. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 33(4), 286-298, 2010.
58. Jougnot, D., Revil, A., Lu, N., and Wayllace, A. Transport properties of the Calloxo-Oxfordian clay-rock under partially saturated conditions. Water Resources Research, 46, doi:10.1029/2009WR008552, 2010.
57. Lu, N., Godt, J., and Wu, D. A closed-form equation for effective stress in variably saturated soil. Water Resources Research, 46, doi:10.1029/2009WR008646, 2010.
56. Lu, N. Reply on “Is matric suction a stress variable?” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 136(2), 407-408, 2010.
55. Nam, S., Gutierrez, M., Diplas, P., Petrie, J., Wayllace, A., Lu, N., and Muñoz, J.J. Comparison of testing techniques and models for establishing the SWCC of riverbank soils. Engineering Geology, 110(1-2), 1-10, doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.09.003, 2010.
54. Lu, N., Kim, T.H., Sture, S., and Likos, W.J. Tensile strength of unsaturated sand. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 135(12), 1410-1419, 2009.
53. Ge, S., Liu, M., Lu, N., Godt, J.W. Could Zipingpu Reservoir trigger the 2008 Great Sichuan earthquake? Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L20315, doi:10.1029/2009GL040349, 2009.
52. Bathija, A.P., Liang, H., Lu, N., Prasad, M., and Batzle, M.L. Stressed swelling soils. Geophysics. 74(4), A47-A52, 10.1190/1.3131385. 2009.
51. Godt, J.W., Baum, R., and Lu, N. Can landslides occur under unsaturated soil conditions? Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L02403, doi:10.1029/2008GL035996, 2009.
50. Lu, N., and Godt, J. Infinite slope stability analysis under steady unsaturated seepage conditions. Water Resources Research, 44, W11404, doi:10.1029/2008WR006976, 2008.
49. Revil, A., Gevaudan, C., Lu, N., and Maineult, A. Hysteresis of the self-potential response associated with harmonic pumping tests. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L16402, doi:10.1029/2008GL035025, 2008.
48. Ge, S., Wu, Q.B., Lu, N., and Jiang, G.L. Ground water flow in Tibet plateau, Western China. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L18403, doi:10.1029/2008GL034809, 2008.
47. Lu, N. Is matric suction a stress variable? Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 134(7), 899-905, 2008.
46. Lu, N., Miller, K.T., and Lechman, J. Experimental verification on capillary force and water retention between two uneven-sized particles. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 134(5), 385-395, 2008.
45. Lechman, J., and Lu, N. Capillary stress and water retention between two uneven-sized particles. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 134(5), 374-374,2008.
44. Lu, N., Anderson, M.T., Likos, W.J., and Mustoe, G.W. A discrete element model for kaolinite aggregate formation during sedimentation. International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 32, 965-980, 2008.
43. Lu, N., Wu, B., and Tan, C. Tensile strength characteristics of unsaturated soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(2), 144-154, 2007.
42. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Pore-scale analysis of bulk volume change from crystalline swelling in Na+- and Ca2+-smectite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 54(4), 515-529, 2006.
41. Lu, N., and Likos, W.J. Discussion of “Rate of Capillary Rise in Soils.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132(2), 278-281, 2006.
40. Wu, B., Tan, C., and Lu, N. Effect of water-cut on sand production-An experimental study. SPE 92715, Productions and Operations, 29(8), 349-356, 2006.
39. Lu, N., Wayllace, A., Carrera, J., and Likos, W.J. Constant flow method for concurrently measuring soil-water characteristic curve and hydraulic conductivity function. Journal of Geotechnical Testing, 29(3), 256-266, 2006.
38. Lu, N., and Likos, W.J. Suction stress characteristic curve for unsaturated soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132(2), 131-142, 2006.
37. Lechman, J., Lu, N., and Wu, D. Hysteresis of capillary stress and soil suction in mono-disperse disk-shaped particles. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 132(5), 565-576, 2006.
36. Likos, W.J., Lu, N., and Sharkey, K. Effectiveness of overexcavation at steeply-dipping bedrock sites in the Rocky Mountain Range. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131(9), 1162-1172, 2005.
35. Griffiths, D.V., and Lu, N. Unsaturated slope stability analysis with steady infiltration or evaporation using elasto-plastic finite elements. International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods for Geomechanics, 29, 249–267, 2005.
34. Lu, N., Olsen, H.W., and Likos, W.J. Appropriate material properties for advective-diffusive solute flux in membrane soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130(12), 1341-1346, 2004.
33. Lu, N., and Griffiths, D.V. Profiles of steady-state suction stress in unsaturated soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130(10), 1063-1076, 2004.
32. Lu, N., and Likos, W.J. Rate of capillary rise in soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130(6), 646-650, 2004.
31. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Hysteresis of capillary cohesion in unsaturated granular soils. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 130(6), 646-455, 2004.
30. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Integrated lecture and laboratory modules for contaminant transport studies in undergraduate geotechnical engineering. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 130(1), 19-25, 2004.
29. Likos, W.J. and Lu, N. Filter paper column for measuring transient suction profiles in expansive clay. Journal of Transportation Research Records, 1821, 83-89, 2003.
28. Lu, N., and LeCain, G. The use of temperature data to estimate infiltration flux beneath a desert wash. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 129 (11), 1040-1053, 2003.
27. Krosley, L., Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Alternative encasement materials for clod test. Journal of Geotechnical Testing, 26(4), 461-463, 2003.
26. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. An automated humidity system for measuring total suction characteristics of clays. Journal of Geotechnical Testing, 28(2), 178-189, 2003.
25. Likos, W.J., Olsen, H.W., Krosley, L., and Lu, N. Measured and estimated suction indices for swelling potential classification. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 129 (7), 665-668, 2003.
24. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Filter paper technique for measurement of total soil suction. Journal of the Transportation Research Board. No. 1786, 120-128, 2002.
23. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Water adsorption characteristics of smectite/kaolinite mixtures for engineered waste barriers. Clays and Clay Minerals, 50(5), 552-560, 2002.
22. Anderson, M.T, and Lu, N. The role of microscopic physico-chemical forces in large volumetric strains for clay sediments. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 127(7), 710-719, 2001.
21. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Automated measurement of total suction characteristics in the high suction range: application to the assessment of swelling potential. Journal of Transportation Research Board, 1755, 119-128, 2001.
20. Lu, N., E.M. Kwicklis, and Rousseau, J.P. Determining fault permeability from subsurface barometric pressure at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 127, 801-808, 2001.
19. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. A laser technique to quantify the size, porosity, and density of clay clusters under sedimentation conditions. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 24(1), p.86-94, 2001.
18. Lu, N. An analytical assessment on the impact of covers on the onset of air convection in mine wastes. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 25, 347-364, 2001.
17. Lu, N., G. Ristow, and Likos, W.J. Accuracy of hydrometer analysis for fine-grained clay particles. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 23(4), 487-495, 2000.
16. Olsen, H.W., Gui, X., and Lu, N. A critical review of coupled flow theories for clay barriers. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, TRR 1714, 57-64, 2000.
15. Lu, N. A time-series analysis for determining vertical air permeability in unsaturated zones. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(l), 69-77, 1999.
14. Ross, B., and Lu, N. Dynamics of DNAPL penetration into fractured porous media. Ground Water, 37, 140-147, 1999.
13. Lu, N., Y. Zhang, and Ross, B. Onset of gas convection in a moist porous medium with the top boundary open to the atmosphere. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 26, 33-44, 1999.
12. Lu, N., and Zhang, Y. Thermally induced gas convection in mine wastes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 40(11), 2621-2636, 1997.
11. Lu, N., and Ge, S. Effect of horizontal heat and fluid flow on the vertical temperature distribution in the semi-confining layer. Water Resources Research, 32(5), 1449-1454, 1996.
10. Ge, S., and Lu, N. A semianalytical solution of one-dimensional advective-dispersive solute transport under an arbitrary concentration boundary conditions. Ground Water, 34(3), 501-503, 1996.
9. Ross, B. and Lu, N. Efficiency of air inlet wells in vapor extraction systems. Water Resources Research, 30(2), 581-584, 1994.
8. Lu, N., and Ross, B. Simulation of gas phase transport of carbon-14 at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA. Waste Management, 14(5), 409-420,1994.
7. Zhang, Y., Lu, N., and Ross, B. Convective instability of moist gas in a porous medium. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 37(l), 129-138, 1994.
6. Lu, N. A semianalytical method of path line computation for transient finite-difference models. Water Resources Research, 30(8), 2449-2459, 1994.
5. Ross, B., Amter, S., and Lu, N. Predicted gas-phase movement of carbon-14 from a radioactive waste repository. Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Restoration, 19, 97-106, 1994.
4. Lu, N., and Anandarajah, A. Empirical estimation of the double layer repulsive force between two inclined clay particles of finite length. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 118, 628-634, 1992.
3. Lu, N., and Amter, S. VECTOR-A computer program that utilizes Sufer or Grapher to plot a vector field. Ground Water, 30, 614-616, 1992.
2. Anandarajah, A. and Lu, N. Structural analysis by the distinct element method. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 117, 2156-2163, 1991.
1. Anandarajah, A., and Lu, N. Numerical study of the electrical double-layer repulsion between non-parallel clay particles of finite length. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 15, 683-703, 1991.