Ning Lu
Ning Lu Professor and Geotechnical Engineer
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Colorado School of Mines
Golden, CO, USA
Phone: +1-303-273-3654
e-mail: ninglu@mines.edu
Other Websites:
Textbooks
Academic Degrees:
- Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- M.S., The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- B.S., Wuhan University of Technology, China.
Selected Honors:
- Distinguished Member, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2024
- Karl Terzaghi Award, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2023
- Norman Medal, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021
- Maurice Biot Medal, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017
- Ralph B. Peck Medal, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017
- Practice Paper of the Year Award, GTJ, American Society for Testing Materials, 2016
- Fellow, Engineering Mechanics Institute, 2015
- Fellow, Geological Society of America, 2011
- James J. Croes Medal, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010
- Fellow, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008
- Norman Medal, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007
- Exemplary EBM for J. Geotech. & Geoenviron. Engrg., Geo-Institute, 2003
- Outstanding AE for Journal of Ground Water, NGWA, 2001
Research Interests:
Editorial Appointments:
- Co-Editor, Vadose Zone Journal, SSSA, 2021-
- Editorial Board Member, Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, 2009-
- Editorial Board Member, Int. Journal of Geomechanics & Engineering, 2009-2022
- Guest Editor,Vadose Zone Journal, SSSA, 2014-2015
- Guest Editor,Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 2015-2016
- Associate Editor,Vadose Zone Journal,SSSA, 2010-2013, 2016-2021
- Advisory Board Member, Environmental Geotechnics, ICE, 2012-2019
- Editorial Board Member, Georisk, 2008-2012
- Editorial Board Member, Journal of Geotech. & Geoenviron. Engrg, 2000-2010
- Associate Editor, Journal of Ground Water, NGWA,1999-2001
Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles:
- 169. Luo, S., Zhou, B., Lu, N., and Likos, W.J.Measurement of external and internal cation exchange capacity and implications to expansive soil classification. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, DOI:10.1520/GTJ20240085, 2024.
- 168. Gou, L., Lu, N., Hu, S., Calderon, A.R.A., and Zhang, C. Suction stress of soil slurry. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-12758, 2024.
- 167. Lu, N., Calderon, A.R.A., Wayllace, A., Lovekin, J., and ,Crandall, A. Suction stress-based rainfall intensity-duration method for slope instability prediction. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-12597, 2024.
- 166. Lu, N., Luo, S.,and Likos, W.J. Errors in conventional calculations of soil phase relationships. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-11957, 2024.
- 165. Luo, S., Zhou, B., Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Determining capillary pore-size distribution of soil from soil-water retention curve. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-11647, 2023.
- 164. Lu, N., and Likos, W.J. The inadequacy of conventional pore water pressure theory. Geostrata, October/November, 27(5), 18-19, 2023.
- 163. Lu, N., Gou, L., Zhang, C., Calderon, A.R.A., and Wayllace, A. Closure to uniqueness of suction stress value at liquid limit of soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002937, 2023.
- 162. Gou, L., Zhang, C., Lu, N., and Hu, S.A soil hydraulic conductivity equation incorporating adsorption and capillarity. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-11388, 2023.
- 161. Hu, S., Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Quantifying coupling effects between soil matric potential and osmotic potential. Water Resources Research, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033779, 2023.
- 160. Luo, S., Zhou, B., Peng, J., Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Unit weight of water in clayey soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI:10.1061/JGGEFK.GTENG-10844, 2023.
- 159. Flury, M., Lakshmi, V., Lu, N., and Vanderborght, J. Editorial: Open access on the move. Vadose Zone Journal, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20237, 2022.
- 158. Zhang, C., Hu, S., Qiu, Z., and Lu, N. A poroelasticity theory for soil incorporating adsorption and capillarity. Géotechnique, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.22.00097, 2022.
- 157. Lau, Z.C., Bouazza, A., Lu, N., and Gates, W.P. A generalized water retention model for geosynthetic clay liners. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002933 2022.
- 156. Lu, N., Calderon, A.R.A, and Wayllace, A. Uniqueness of suction stress value at liquid limit of soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002937 2022.
- 155. Zhang, C., Gou, L., Hu, S., and Lu, N. A thermodynamic formulation of water potential in soil. Water Resources Research, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032369, 2022.
- 154. Wang, Y., Hu, L., Luo, S., and Lu, N. Soil water isotherm model for particle surface sorption and inter lamellar sorption. Vadose Zone Journal, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20221, 2022.
- 153. Luo, S., Lu, N., Zhang, C., and Likos, W.J. Soil water potential: A historical perspective and recent breakthroughs. Vadose Zone Journal, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20203, 2022.
- 152. Lu, N., Luo, S., and Zhou, B. Water adsorption-induced pore water pressure in soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002814 2022.
- 151. Lu, N., and Dong, Y. Validating a unified effective stress equation for soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002761 2022.
- 150. Luo, S., Lu, N., and Dong, Y. Determination of soil sorptive potential by soil water isotherm. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002795 2022.
- 149. Zhang, C., Hu, S., and Lu, N. Unified elastic modulus characteristic curve equation. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002781 2021.
- 148. Lehmann, P., Leshchinsky, B., Gupta, S., Mirus, B.B., Bickel, S., Lu, N., and Or. D. Clays are not created equal: How mineral type affects soil parameterization. Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL095311. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095311 2021.
- 147. Luo, S., and Lu, N. Validating the generality of a closed-form equation for soil water isotherm. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002681 2021.
- 146. Wang, Y., Hu, L., Zhang, C., Luo, S., and Lu, N. Liquid cavitation during nitrogen sorption on soils. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0002008 2021.
- 145. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Closure to "unified effective stress equation for soil" by Chao Zhang and Ning Lu. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 147.2 (2021): 07020004,2021.
- 144. Hinds, E., Lu, N., Mirus, B., Godt,J.W., and Wayllace, A. Evaluation of techniques for mitigating snowmelt infiltration landsliding in a highway embankment. Engineering Geology, DOI: 2021.
- 143. Lu, N., Likos, W.J., Luo, S., and Oh, H. Is the conventional pore water pressure concept adequate for fine-grained soils in geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering? Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002612 2021.
- 142. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Paradigm for soil freezing curves based on soil sorptive potential. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002597 2021.
- 141. Luo, S., Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Cavitation of water in soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002598 2021.
- 140. Zhou, B., and Lu, N. Assessments of water sorption methods to determine soil's specific surface area. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002598 2021.
- 139. Zhou, B., and Lu, N. Correlation between Atterberg Limits and soil adsorptive water. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002463 2020.
- 138. Dong, Y., and Lu, N. Measurement of suction stress and soil deformation at high suction range. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 44, 2020.
- 137. Dong, Y., Fox, P.J., and Lu, N. Drying induced consolidation in soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002327, 2020.
- 136. Dong, Y., Wei, C., and Lu, N. Identifying adsorptive water by soil water density. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002289, 2020.
- 135. Lu, N. Unsaturated soil mechanics: Fundamental challenges, breakthroughs, and opportunities. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002233, 2020.
- 134. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Unified effective stress equation for soil. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001718, 2020.
- 133. Lu, N., and Zhang, C. Separating external and internal surface area of soil particles. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002198, 2019.
- 132. Chen, P., Lu, N., and Wei, C. General scanning hysteresis model for soil-water retention curves. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1016/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002194, 2019.
- 131. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Soil sorptive potential: its determination and predicting soil water density. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002188, 2019.
- 130. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Augmented Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation for water adsorption on soils. Vadose Zone Journal, DOI: 10.2136/vzj2019.01.0011, 2019.
- 129. Hinds, E., Lu, N., Mirus, B., and Wayllace, A. Effects of infiltration characteristics on spatial-temporal evolution of stability of an interstate highway embankment . Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 145(8), DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002127,2019.
- 128. Wallace, A., Thunder, B., Lu, N., Khan, A., and Godt, J.W. Hydrological behavior of an infiltration-induced landslide in Colorado, USA. Geofluids, DOI:10.1155/2019/1659303, 2019.
- 127. Chen, P., and Lu, N. Closure to “Generalized equation for soil shrinkage curve” by Pan Chen and Ning Lu. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.07019012, 2019.
- 126. Lu, N. Revisiting axis translation for unsaturated soil testing. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 145(7), DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.02819001,2019.
- 125. Yatheendradas, S., Kirschbaum, D., Nearing, G., Vrugt, J.A., Baum, R.L., Wooten, R. Bayesian analysis of the impact of rainfall data product on simulated slope failure for North Carolina locations. Computational Geosciences, pp.1-28, 2019.
- 124. Lu, N., and Zhang, C. Soil sorptive potential: concept, theory, and verification. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002025, 2019.
- 123. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Unitary definition of matric suction. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002004, 2019.
- 122. Ebel, B.A., Godt, J.W., Lu, N., Coe, J.A., Smith, J.B., and Baum, R. Field and laboratory hydraulic characterization of landslide-prone soils in the Oregon Coast Range and implications for hydrologic simulation . Vadose Zone Journal, DOI:10.236/vzj2018.04.0078, 2018.
- 121. Chen, P., Lu, N., Formetta, G., Got, J.W., and Wallace, A. Tropical storm-induced landslide potential using combined field monitoring and numerical modeling. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001969, 2018.
- 120. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. What is the range of soil water density? Critical reviews with a unified model. Reviews of Geophysics, DOI: 10.1029/2018RG000597, 2018.
- 119. Reed, A.L., Novelli, A.P., Doran, K.L., Ge, S., Lu, N., and McCartney, J.S. Solar district heating with underground thermal energy storage: Pathways to commercial viability in North America. Renewable Energy, 126, 1-13, 2018.
- 118. Baser, T., Dong, Y., Morandi, A.M., Lu, N., Smits, K., Ge, S., Tartakovsky, D., and McCartney, J.S. Role of non equilibrium water vapor diffusion in thermal energy storage systems in the vadose zone. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001910, 2018.
- 117. Zhang, C., and Lu, N. Measuring soil-water density by Helium pycnometer. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001929, 2018.
- 116. Lu, N., and Buscarnera, G. Mechanics of unsaturated porous media. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001489, 2018.
- 115. Chen, C., and Lu, N. Generalized equation for soil shrinkage curve. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001889, 2018.
- 114. Dong, Y., Lu, N., and McCartney, J.S. Scaling shear modulus from small to finite strain for unsaturated soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001819, 2018.
- 113. Thomas, M., Mirus, B., Collins, B.D., Lu, N., and Godt, J.W. Variability in soil-water retention properties and implications for physics-based simulation of landslide early warning criteria. Landslides, DOI: 10.10007/s10346-0950-z, February, 2018.
- 112. Lu, N., and Dong, Y. Correlation between soil-shrinkage curve and water-retention characteristics. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001741, 2017.
- 111. Morse, M.S., and Lu, N., Wayllace, A., Godt, J.W. Evolution of strain localization in variably-width three-dimensional unsaturated laboratory-scale cut slopes. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001286, 2017.
- 110. Khorshidi, M., and Lu, N. Quantification of exchangeable cations using soil water retention curve. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001732, 2017.
- 109. Chen, P., Mirus, B., Lu, N., and Godt, J.W. Effect of hydraulic hysteresis on stability of infinite slopes under steady infiltration. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001724, 2017.
- 108. Khorshidi, M., and Lu, N. Determination of cation exchange capacity from soil water retention curve. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001220, 2017.
- 107. Lu, N., and Dong, Y. Vapor condensation technique for measuring stress-strain relation of unsaturated soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001656, 2017.
- 106. Khorshidi, M., Lu, N., and Khorshidi, A. Intrinsic relationship between matric potential and cation hydration. Vadose Zone Journal, DOI: 10.2136/vzj2016.02.0001, 2017.
- 105. Dong, Y., and Lu, N. Measurement of suction-stress characteristic curve under drying and wetting conditions. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 40(1), DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20160058, 2017.
- 104. Zhang, K., Xue, X., Hong, Y., Gourley, J.J., Lu, N., Wan, Z., Hong, Z, and Wooten, R. iCRESTRIGERS: a coupled modeling system for cascading flood-landslide disaster forecasting. Hydro. Earth Syst Sci, 20, 5035-5048, 2016.
- 103. Khorshidi, M., and Lu, N. Intrinsic relation between soil water retention and cation exchange capacity. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001633, 2016.
- 102. Morandi, A., Smits, K.M., Lu, N., McCartney, J.S. Heat transfer in unsaturated soil with application to borehole thermal energy storage. Vadose Zone Journal, doi:10.2136/vzj2016.03.0027, 2016.
- 101. Vahedifard, F., Mortezaei, K., Leshchinsky, B., Leshchinsky, D., and Lu, N. Role of suction stress on service state behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures. Transportation Geotechnics, DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2016.02.002, 2016.
- 100. Dong, Y., and Lu, N. Dependence of shear wave velocity and shear modulus of soil on saturation. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001147, 2016.
- 99. Khorshidi, M., and Lu, N., Akin,I.D., and Likos, W.J. Intrinsic relationship between specific surface area and soil water retention. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001572, 2016.
- 98. Formetta, G., Simoni, S., Godt, J.W., Lu, N., and Rigon R. Geomorphological control on variably saturated hillslope hydrology and slope stability. Water Resources Research, 52, DOI: 10.1002/2015WR017626, 2016.
- 97. Dong, Y., and Lu, N. Correlation between small-strain shear modulus and suction stress in capillary regime under zero total stress conditions. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001531, 2016.
- 96. Zeidman, B., Lu, N., Wu, D.T. Hysteresis of liquid adsorption in porous media by coarse-grained Monte Carlo with direct experimental validation. Journal of Chemical Physics, 144, DOI: 10.1063/1.4948437, 2016.
- 95. Lu, N. Generalized soil water retention equation for adsorption and capillarity. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001524, 2016.
- 94. Dong, Y., Lu, N., and McCartney, J.S. Unified model for small-strain shear modulus of variably saturated soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001506, 2016.
- 93. Vahedifard, F., Leshchinsky, D., Mortezaei, K., and Lu, N. Effective stress-based limit-equilibrium analysis for homogeneous unsaturated slopes.International Journal of Geomechanics, D4016003, 2016.
- 92. Baser, T., Lu, N., and McCartney, J.S. Operational response of a soil-borehole thermal energy storage system. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001432, 2015.
- 91. Vahedifard, F., Leshchinsky, B.A., Mortezaei, K., and Lu, N. Active earth pressures for unsaturated retaining structures. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141(11), 04015048, 2015.
- 90. Bordoni, M., Meisina, C., Valentino, R., Lu, N., Bittelli, M., and Chersich, S. Hydrological factors affecting rainfall-induced shallow landslides: From the field monitoring to a simplified slope stability analysis. Engineering Geology, 193, 19-37, 2015.
- 89. Alsherif, N., Wayllace, A., and Lu, N. Measuring the soil water–retention curve under positive and negative matric suction regimes. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 38, 442-451, 2015.
- 88. Lu, N., and Khorshidi, M. Mechanisms for soil-water retention and hysteresis at high suction range. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141(8), 04015032, 2015.
- 87. Lu, N., and Dong, Y. Closed-form equation for thermal conductivity of unsaturated soils at room temperature. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141(6), 04015016, 2015.
- 86. Dong, Y., McCartney, J.S., and Lu, N. Critical review of thermal conductivity models for unsaturated soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 33(2), 207-221, 2015.
- 85. Oh, S., and Lu, N. Slope stability analysis under unsaturated conditions: Case studies of rainfall-induced failure of cut slopes. Engineering Geology, 184, 96-103, 2015.
- 84. Oh, S., Lu, N., Kim, T.K., and Lee, Y.H. Closure to “Experimental validation of suction stress characteristic curve from nonfailure triaxial K0 consolidation Tests” by S. Oh, N. Lu, T.-K. Kim, and Y. H. Lee. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140(10), p.07014027, 2014.
- 83. Lu, N., Asherif, N., Wayllace, A., and Godt, J.W. Closing the loop of the soil water retention curve. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001119, 2014.
- 82. Dong, Y., Lu, N., Wayllace, A., and Smits, K. Measurement of thermal conductivity function of unsaturated soil using a transient water release and imbibition method. Geotechnical Testing Journal, ASTM, 37(6), DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20140046, 2014.
- 81. Lu, N., Khalili, N., Nikooee, E., and Hassanizadeh, S.M. Principle of effective stress in variably saturated porous media. Vadose Zone Journal, doi:10.2136/vzj2014.04.0038, 2014.
- 80. Morse, M.S., Lu, N., Wayllace, A., Godt, J.W., and Take, W.A. Experimental test of theory for stability of partially saturated vertical cut slopes. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001119, 2014.
- 79. Wang, J., Xiang, W., and Lu, N. Landsliding triggered by reservoir operation: a general conceptual model with a case study at Three Gorges Reservoir. Acta Geotechnica, DOI 10.1007/s11440-014-0315-2, 2014.
- 78. Lu, N., Kaya, M., and Godt, J.W. Interrelations among the soil-water retention, hydraulic conductivity function, and suction stress characteristic curves. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140, DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001085, 2014.
- 77. Oh, S., and Lu, N. Uniqueness of suction stress characteristic curve under different confining stress conditions. Vadose Zone Journal, doi:10.2136/vzj2013.04.0077, 2014.
- 76. Lu, N., and Kaya, M. Power law for elastic moduli of unsaturated soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 140(1), 46-56, 2014.
- 75. Likos, W.J., Lu, N., and Godt, J.W. Hysteresis and uncertainty in soil-water retention curve parameters. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 139(12), DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001071, 2013.
- 74. Revil, A., and Lu, N. Unified water isotherms for clayey porous media. Water Resources Research, 49, 1–15, doi:10.1002/wrcr.20426, 2013.
- 73. Lu, N., Wayllace, A., and Oh, S. Infiltration-induced seasonally reactivated instability of a highway embankment near the Eisenhower Tunnel, Colorado, USA. Engineering Geology, 162, 22-32, 2013.
- 72. Oh, S., Lu, N., Kim, T.K., Lee, H.Y. Experimental validation of suction stress characteristic curve from non-failure triaxial K0 consolidation tests. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 139, 2013.
- 71. Lu, N., Godt, J., Kaya, M., and Collins, B. Hysteresis of unsaturated hydro-mechanical properties of silty soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 139, 507–510, 2013.
- 70. Lu, N., and Kaya, M. A drying cake method for measuring suction stress characteristic curve, soil-water retention, and hydraulic conductivity function. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 36, 1–19, doi:10.1520/GTJ20120097, 2013.
- 69. Lu, N., Sener, B., Wayllace, A., and Godt, J. Analysis of rainfall-induced slope instability using a field of local factor of safety. Water Resources Research, 48, W09524, doi:10.1029/2012WR011830, 2012.
- 68. Morse, M.S., Lu, N., Godt, J.W., Revil, A., and Coe, J.A. A comparison of soil thickness in a zero-order basin in the Oregon coast range using a soil probe and electrical resistivity tomography. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 138, 1470-1482, 2012.
- 67. Willson, C. Lu, N., and Likos, W.J. X-Ray Computer-Aid-Tomography for unsaturated sand. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 35(6), 1-13, doi:10.1520/GTJ20120075, 2012.
- 66. Godt, J.W., Sener, B., and Lu, N. Stability of infinite slope under transient infiltration conditions. Water Resources Research, 48, W05505, doi:10.1029/2011WR011408, 2012.
- 65. Oh, S, Lu, N., Kim, Y.K., Lee, S.J., and Lee, S.R. Relation between the soil water characteristic curve and the suction stress characteristic curve: experimental evidence from tests on residual soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 138, 47–57, 2012.
- 64. Wayllace, A., and Lu, N. Transient water release and imbibitions method for rapidly measuring wetting and drying soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 35, 1-15, 2012.
- 63. Revil, A., Woodruff, W., and Lu, N. Constitutive equations for coupled flows in porous media. Water Resources Research, 47, W05548, doi:10.1029/2010WR010002, 2011.
- 62. Likos, W.J., Lu, N., and Wenzel, W. Performance of a dynamic dew point method for moisture isotherms of clays. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 34(4), GTJ102901, 2011.
- 61. Lu, N., Sener, B., and Godt J.W. Direction of unsaturated flow in a homogeneous and isotropic hillslope. Water Resources Research, 47, W02519, doi:10.1029/2010WR010003, 2011.
- 60. Lu, N., Zeidman, B., Willson, C., Lusk, M., and Wu, D.T. A Monte Carlo paradigm for capillarity in porous materials. Geophysical Research Letters, 37, doi: 10.1029/2010GL045599, 2010.
- 59. Likos, W.J., Wayllace, A., Godt, J., and Lu, N. Modified direct shear apparatus for unsaturated sands at low suction and stress. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 33(4), 286-298, 2010.
- 58. Jougnot, D., Revil, A., Lu, N., and Wayllace, A. Transport properties of the Calloxo-Oxfordian clay-rock under partially saturated conditions. Water Resources Research, 46, doi:10.1029/2009WR008552, 2010.
- 57. Lu, N., Godt, J., and Wu, D. A closed-form equation for effective stress in variably saturated soil. Water Resources Research, 46, doi:10.1029/2009WR008646, 2010.
- 56. Lu, N. Reply on “Is matric suction a stress variable?” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 136(2), 407-408, 2010.
- 55. Nam, S., Gutierrez, M., Diplas, P., Petrie, J., Wayllace, A., Lu, N., and Muñoz, J.J. Comparison of testing techniques and models for establishing the SWCC of riverbank soils. Engineering Geology, 110(1-2), 1-10, doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.09.003, 2010.
- 54. Lu, N., Kim, T.H., Sture, S., and Likos, W.J. Tensile strength of unsaturated sand. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 135(12), 1410-1419, 2009.
- 53. Ge, S., Liu, M., Lu, N., Godt, J.W. Could Zipingpu Reservoir trigger the 2008 Great Sichuan earthquake? Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L20315, doi:10.1029/2009GL040349, 2009.
- 52. Bathija, A.P., Liang, H., Lu, N., Prasad, M., and Batzle, M.L. Stressed swelling soils. Geophysics. 74(4), A47-A52, 10.1190/1.3131385. 2009.
- 51. Godt, J.W., Baum, R., and Lu, N. Can landslides occur under unsaturated soil conditions? Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L02403, doi:10.1029/2008GL035996, 2009.
- 50. Lu, N., and Godt, J. Infinite slope stability analysis under steady unsaturated seepage conditions. Water Resources Research, 44, W11404, doi:10.1029/2008WR006976, 2008.
- 49. Revil, A., Gevaudan, C., Lu, N., and Maineult, A. Hysteresis of the self-potential response associated with harmonic pumping tests. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L16402, doi:10.1029/2008GL035025, 2008.
- 48. Ge, S., Wu, Q.B., Lu, N., and Jiang, G.L. Ground water flow in Tibet plateau, Western China. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L18403, doi:10.1029/2008GL034809, 2008.
- 47. Lu, N. Is matric suction a stress variable? Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 134(7), 899-905, 2008.
- 46. Lu, N., Miller, K.T., and Lechman, J. Experimental verification on capillary force and water retention between two uneven-sized particles. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 134(5), 385-395, 2008.
- 45. Lechman, J., and Lu, N. Capillary stress and water retention between two uneven-sized particles. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 134(5), 374-374,2008.
- 44. Lu, N., Anderson, M.T., Likos, W.J., and Mustoe, G.W. A discrete element model for kaolinite aggregate formation during sedimentation. International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 32, 965-980, 2008.
- 43. Lu, N., Wu, B., and Tan, C. Tensile strength characteristics of unsaturated soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(2), 144-154, 2007.
- 42. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Pore-scale analysis of bulk volume change from crystalline swelling in Na+- and Ca2+-smectite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 54(4), 515-529, 2006.
- 41. Lu, N., and Likos, W.J. Discussion of “Rate of Capillary Rise in Soils.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132(2), 278-281, 2006.
- 40. Wu, B., Tan, C., and Lu, N. Effect of water-cut on sand production-An experimental study. SPE 92715, Productions and Operations, 29(8), 349-356, 2006.
- 39. Lu, N., Wayllace, A., Carrera, J., and Likos, W.J. Constant flow method for concurrently measuring soil-water characteristic curve and hydraulic conductivity function. Journal of Geotechnical Testing, 29(3), 256-266, 2006.
- 38. Lu, N., and Likos, W.J. Suction stress characteristic curve for unsaturated soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 132(2), 131-142, 2006.
- 37. Lechman, J., Lu, N., and Wu, D. Hysteresis of capillary stress and soil suction in mono-disperse disk-shaped particles. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 132(5), 565-576, 2006.
- 36. Likos, W.J., Lu, N., and Sharkey, K. Effectiveness of overexcavation at steeply-dipping bedrock sites in the Rocky Mountain Range. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 131(9), 1162-1172, 2005.
- 35. Griffiths, D.V., and Lu, N. Unsaturated slope stability analysis with steady infiltration or evaporation using elasto-plastic finite elements. International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods for Geomechanics, 29, 249–267, 2005.
- 34. Lu, N., Olsen, H.W., and Likos, W.J. Appropriate material properties for advective-diffusive solute flux in membrane soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130(12), 1341-1346, 2004.
- 33. Lu, N., and Griffiths, D.V. Profiles of steady-state suction stress in unsaturated soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130(10), 1063-1076, 2004.
- 32. Lu, N., and Likos, W.J. Rate of capillary rise in soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130(6), 646-650, 2004.
- 31. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Hysteresis of capillary cohesion in unsaturated granular soils. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 130(6), 646-455, 2004.
- 30. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Integrated lecture and laboratory modules for contaminant transport studies in undergraduate geotechnical engineering. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 130(1), 19-25, 2004.
- 29. Likos, W.J. and Lu, N. Filter paper column for measuring transient suction profiles in expansive clay. Journal of Transportation Research Records, 1821, 83-89, 2003.
- 28. Lu, N., and LeCain, G. The use of temperature data to estimate infiltration flux beneath a desert wash. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 129 (11), 1040-1053, 2003.
- 27. Krosley, L., Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Alternative encasement materials for clod test. Journal of Geotechnical Testing, 26(4), 461-463, 2003.
- 26. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. An automated humidity system for measuring total suction characteristics of clays. Journal of Geotechnical Testing, 28(2), 178-189, 2003.
- 25. Likos, W.J., Olsen, H.W., Krosley, L., and Lu, N. Measured and estimated suction indices for swelling potential classification. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 129 (7), 665-668, 2003.
- 24. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Filter paper technique for measurement of total soil suction. Journal of the Transportation Research Board. No. 1786, 120-128, 2002.
- 23. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Water adsorption characteristics of smectite/kaolinite mixtures for engineered waste barriers. Clays and Clay Minerals, 50(5), 552-560, 2002.
- 22. Anderson, M.T, and Lu, N. The role of microscopic physico-chemical forces in large volumetric strains for clay sediments. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 127(7), 710-719, 2001.
- 21. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. Automated measurement of total suction characteristics in the high suction range: application to the assessment of swelling potential. Journal of Transportation Research Board, 1755, 119-128, 2001.
- 20. Lu, N., E.M. Kwicklis, and Rousseau, J.P. Determining fault permeability from subsurface barometric pressure at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 127, 801-808, 2001.
- 19. Likos, W.J., and Lu, N. A laser technique to quantify the size, porosity, and density of clay clusters under sedimentation conditions. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 24(1), p.86-94, 2001.
- 18. Lu, N. An analytical assessment on the impact of covers on the onset of air convection in mine wastes. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 25, 347-364, 2001.
- 17. Lu, N., G. Ristow, and Likos, W.J. Accuracy of hydrometer analysis for fine-grained clay particles. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 23(4), 487-495, 2000.
- 16. Olsen, H.W., Gui, X., and Lu, N. A critical review of coupled flow theories for clay barriers. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, TRR 1714, 57-64, 2000.
- 15. Lu, N. A time-series analysis for determining vertical air permeability in unsaturated zones. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(l), 69-77, 1999.
- 14. Ross, B., and Lu, N. Dynamics of DNAPL penetration into fractured porous media. Ground Water, 37, 140-147, 1999.
- 13. Lu, N., Y. Zhang, and Ross, B. Onset of gas convection in a moist porous medium with the top boundary open to the atmosphere. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 26, 33-44, 1999.
- 12. Lu, N., and Zhang, Y. Thermally induced gas convection in mine wastes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 40(11), 2621-2636, 1997.
- 11. Lu, N., and Ge, S. Effect of horizontal heat and fluid flow on the vertical temperature distribution in the semi-confining layer. Water Resources Research, 32(5), 1449-1454, 1996.
- 10. Ge, S., and Lu, N. A semianalytical solution of one-dimensional advective-dispersive solute transport under an arbitrary concentration boundary conditions. Ground Water, 34(3), 501-503, 1996.
- 9. Ross, B. and Lu, N. Efficiency of air inlet wells in vapor extraction systems. Water Resources Research, 30(2), 581-584, 1994.
- 8. Lu, N., and Ross, B. Simulation of gas phase transport of carbon-14 at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA. Waste Management, 14(5), 409-420,1994.
- 7. Zhang, Y., Lu, N., and Ross, B. Convective instability of moist gas in a porous medium. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 37(l), 129-138, 1994.
- 6. Lu, N. A semianalytical method of path line computation for transient finite-difference models. Water Resources Research, 30(8), 2449-2459, 1994.
- 5. Ross, B., Amter, S., and Lu, N. Predicted gas-phase movement of carbon-14 from a radioactive waste repository. Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Restoration, 19, 97-106, 1994.
- 4. Lu, N., and Anandarajah, A. Empirical estimation of the double layer repulsive force between two inclined clay particles of finite length. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 118, 628-634, 1992.
- 3. Lu, N., and Amter, S. VECTOR-A computer program that utilizes Sufer or Grapher to plot a vector field. Ground Water, 30, 614-616, 1992.
- 2. Anandarajah, A. and Lu, N. Structural analysis by the distinct element method. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 117, 2156-2163, 1991.
- 1. Anandarajah, A., and Lu, N. Numerical study of the electrical double-layer repulsion between non-parallel clay particles of finite length. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 15, 683-703, 1991.