HYDRUS Package for MODFLOW
HYDRUS Package Description
The one-dimensional unsaturated flow package HYDRUS (Seo et al., 2006; Twarakawi et al., 2008ab), accounting for fluxes through the vadose zone, was developed in 2008 for the three-dimensional modular finite-difference ground water model MODFLOW (Harbaugh et al., 2000). The HYDRUS package for MODFLOW consists of two sub-models that interact in space and time: (a) HYDRUS sub-model (vadose zone) and (b) MODFLOW sub-model (ground water). The HYDRUS package is based on the Hydrus-1D program (Šimůnek et al., 2005) that solves the one-dimensional Richards equation simulating water movement in the vadose zone. The HYDRUS package considers the main processes and factors affecting fluxes in the vadose zone, such as precipitation, infiltration, evaporation, redistribution, capillary rise, plant water uptake, water accumulation at the ground surface, surface runoff, and soil moisture storage. Being fully incorporated into the MODFLOW program, the HYDRUS package provides MODFLOW with recharge fluxes into groundwater, while MODFLOW provides HYDRUS with the position of the groundwater table that is used as the bottom boundary condition in the package. The performance of the HYDRUS package is analyzed by (Twarakawi et al., 2008) for various case studies that involve different spatial and temporal scales. Download the 2008 HYDRUS package for MODFLOW, including the source course and multiple testing examples.
The HYDRUS package for MODFLOW was updated in 2018 (Beegum et al., 2018ab) by additionally also including solute transport into the package and linking it to the three-dimensional groundwater solute transport model MT3DMS. The new package can simulate, in addition to water flow in the vadose zone, also solute transport involving many biogeochemical processes and reactions, including first-order degradation, volatilization, linear or nonlinear sorption, one-site kinetic sorption, two-site sorption, and two-kinetic sites sorption. Due to complex interactions at the groundwater table, certain modifications of the pressure head (compared to the original coupling) and solute concentration profiles were incorporated into the modified HYDRUS package. Download the 2018 HYDRUS package for MODFLOW, including the source course and multiple testing examples.
Schematic descriptions of the coupling procedure for water flow in the HYDRUS package for MODFLOW:
References to Texts Describing the Development of the HYDRUS Package for MODFLOW
Seo, H. S., J. Šimůnek, and E. P. Poeter, Documentation of the HYDRUS Package for MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model, GWMI 2007-01, Int. Ground Water Modeling Center, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 96 p., 2007. (PDF).
Šimůnek, J., M. Th. van Genuchten, and M. Šejna, The Hydrus-1D software package for simulating the one-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media, Version 3.0, HYDRUS Software Series 1, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 270 pp., 2005 (PDF 2.7MB)
Twarakavi, N. K. C., J. Šimůnek, and H. S. Seo, Evaluating interactions between groundwater and vadose zone using HYDRUS-based flow package for MODFLOW, Vadose Zone Journal, doi:10.2136/VZJ2007.0082, Special Issue “Vadose Zone Modeling”, 7(2), 757-768, 2008. Download PDF (2.2MB): Twarakavi et al., VZJ - 2008, Hydrus package for Modflow, Special Issue Vadose Zone Modeling.pdf
Twarakavi, N. K. C., J. Šimůnek, and S. Seo, A HYDRUS based approach for coupled modeling of vadose zone and ground water flow at different scales, In: J. Šimůnek and R. Kodešová (eds.), Proc. of The Second HYDRUS Workshop, March 28, 2008, Dept. of Soil Science and Geology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 47-53, 2008b. (Proceedings - Prague's HYDRUS Worskshop.pdf - 3.3MB)
Beegum, S., J. Šimůnek, A. Szymkiewicz, K. P. Sudheer, and I. M. Nambi, Updating the coupling algorithm between HYDRUS and MODFLOW in the ‘HYDRUS Package for MODFLOW’, Technical Note, Vadose Zone Journal, 17(1), 180034, 8 p., doi: 10.2136/vzj2018.02.0034, 2018.(pdf)
Beegum, S., J. Šimůnek, A. Szymkiewicz, K. P. Sudheer, and I. M. Nambi, Implementation of solute transport in the vadose zone into the ' HYDRUS package for MODFLOW', Groundwater, 57(3), 392-408, doi: 10.1111/gwat.12815, 2019. (pdf)
Pawlowicz, M., B. Balis, A. Szymkiewicz, J. Šimůnek, A. Gumuła-Kawęcka, and B. Jaworska-Szulc, HMSE: A tool for coupling MODFLOW and HYDRUS-1D computer programs, SoftwareX, 26, 101680, 7 p., doi: 10.1016/j.softx.2024.101680, 2024.
General MODFLOW References
Harbaugh, A. W., E. R. Banta, M. C. Hill, and M. G. McDonald, MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model user guide to modularization concepts and the ground-water flow process. Denver, CO, Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, 2000 (http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/modflow2000/modflow2000.html).
Niswonger, R.G., D.E. Prudic, and R.S. Regan. 2006. Documentation of the Unsaturated-Zone Flow (UZF1) package for modeling unsaturated flow between the land surface and the water table with MODFLOW-2005 [Online]. Available by U.S. Geological Survey (http://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/tm6a19/).
Prudic, D. E., L. F. Konikow, and E. R. Bant, A new stream- flow routing (SFR1) package to simulate stream-aquifer interaction with MODFLOW-2000, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1042, 95 p., 2004 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1042/).
References to the Applications of the HYDRUS Package for MODFLOW
Leterme, B., M. Gedeon, and D. Jacques, Groundwater recharge modeling in the Nete catchment (Belgium) with HYDRUS-1D – MODFLOW package, In: Šimůnek, J., M. Th. van Genuchten, and R. Kodešová (eds.), Proc. of the 4th International Conference "HYDRUS Software Applications to Subsurface Flow and Contaminant Transport Problems", Invited paper, March 21-22, 2013, Dept. of Soil Science and Geology, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, ISBN: 978-80-213-2380-3, pp. 235-244, 2013. (pdf)
Leterme, B., M. Gedeon, E. Laloy, and B. Rogiers, Unsaturated flow modeling with HYDRUS and UZF: Calibration and intercomparison, In: MODFLOW and More 2015, Golden, CO, 2015, Integrated GroundWater Modeling Center, May 31- June 3, 2015. (pdf)
Szymkiewicz, A., A. Gumuła-Kawęcka, J. Šimůnek, B. Leterme, S. Beegum, B. Jaworska-Szulc, M. Pruszkowska-Caceres, W. Gorczewska-Langner, R. Angulo-Jaramillo, and D. Jacques, Simulation of freshwater lens recharge and salt/freshwater interfaces using the Hydrus and SWI2 packages for Modflow, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 66(2), 246-256, doi: 10.2478/johh-2018-0005, 2018.(pdf)
Dandekar, A. T., D. K. Singh, A. Sarangi, and A. K. Singh, Modelling vadose zone processes for assessing groundwater recharge in semi-arid region, Current Science, 114(3), 608-618, doi: 10.18520/cs/v114/i03/608-618, 2018.
Zeng, J., J. Yang, Y. Zha, and L. Shi, Capturing soil-water and groundwater interactions with an iterative feedback coupling scheme: new HYDRUS package for MODFLOW, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 637-655, doi: 10.5194/hess-23-637-2019, 2019.
Samuel, A., N. Blin, J. F. Muñoz, and F. Suárez, An unsaturated/saturated coupled hydrogeological model for the Llamara Salt Flat, Chile, to Investigate Prosopis Tamarugo Survival, Geosciences, 10(1), 17 p., doi: 10.3390/geosciences10010001, 2020.
Beegum, S., J. Vanderborght, J. Šimůnek, M. Herbst, K. P. Sudheer, and I. M. Nambi, Investigating the atrazine contamination in the Zwischenscholle aquifer using MODFLOW with the HYDRUS-1D package and MT3DMS, Water, 12, 1019, 24 p., doi: 10.3390/w12041019, 2020.
Dai, F., and Q. Guo, Groundwater response of Loess Tableland in Northwest China under irrigation conditions, Water, 12(9), 2546,14 p., doi: 10.3390/w12092546, 2020.
15. Sarma, R., and S. K. Singh, Simulating contaminant transport in unsaturated and saturated groundwater zones, Water Environment Research, 1–14, doi: 10.1002/wer.1555, 2021.
Disclaimer
The HYDRUS package for MODFLOW is a free (public domain) tool. Since this software has not been developed by PC Progress (PC Progress only hosts this website), PC Progress does not provide any technical support for this tool.
The 2008 version of the HYDRUS package for MODFLOW was developed by Prof. Simunek and his collaborators (Sophia Seo and Navin Twarakavi). If you need any help with the software, you need to contact them directly.
The 2018 version of the HYDRUS package for MODFLOW was developed by Prof. Simunek and his collaborators (Sahila Beegum, a PhD student at the Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India and Dr. Adam Szymkiewicz,a professor at the Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk, Poland). The work of Dr. Adam Szymkiewicz was supported by a grant from National Science Centre (NCN), Poland (2015/17/B/ST10/03233). If you need any help with the software, you need to contact them directly.