Hydrus-1D Projects - Freezing
Warning: The freezing/thawing module was developed for the manuscript Hanson et al. (2004). However, this module is not a regular module of the standard HYDRUS-1D software package, since it is significantly less stable than regular HYDRUS codes. However, since we were often asked by the HYDRUS users to share this module with them, we have decided to do so, even though we realize that they may encounter numerical problems, especially if they attempt to run more complicated simulations than we did for the manuscript and examples posted below. Please note that this code works only for unsaturated soils and will likely become unstable when the soil becomes saturated. Also be aware that the model is much less stable than regular HYDRUS and usually stops working once the full saturation is reached. It should work reasonably well for unsaturated conditions and several other colleagues have been using it for such conditions (see the references below).
Project
|
Description
|
Freeze1
|
Freezing test, sinusoidal T (from -6 to +4 C), no water flow (low Ks)
|
Freeze2
|
Freezing test, sinusoidal T (from -6 to +4 C), with water flow (Ks=25 cm/d)
|
Freeze3
|
Freezing test, sinusoidal T (from -6 to +4 C), with water flow, solute transport, precipitation + snow
|
Download the computational module (Version 4 or Version 5) (0.2 MB)
Download demonstrative examples (Version 4 or Version 5) (1.3 MB)
To use the code, you can simply replace the h1d_calc.exe file in the HYDRUS installation folder (make a backup of the original file first, so that you can return to it for other than freezing/thawing applications), or you can place it anywhere else and run it outside of the GUI (see FAQ4).
The theory behind the implementation of freezing/thawing is described in:
Hansson, K., J. Šimůnek, M. Mizoguchi, L.-Ch. Lundin, M. Th. van Genuchten, Water flow and heat transport in frozen soil: Numerical solution and freeze/thaw applications, Vadose Zone Journal, 3(2), 693-704, 2004.
Zheng, C., J. Šimůnek, Y. Zhao, Y. Lu, X. Liu, C. Shi, H. Li, L. Yu, Y. Zeng, and Z. Su, Development of the Hydrus-1D freezing module and its application in simulating the coupled movement of water, vapor, and heat, Journal of Hydrology, 598, 126250, 16 p., 2021.
The demonstrative example listed above is described in the following paper:
Šimůnek, J., M. Th. van Genuchten, and M. Šejna, Modeling Subsurface Water Flow and Solute Transport with HYDRUS and Related Numerical Software Packages, In: Garcia-Navarro & Playán (eds.), Numerical Modelling of Hydrodynamics for Water Resources, An International Workshop, Centro Politecnico Superior, University of Zaragoza Spain, June 18-21 2007. Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-44056-1, 95-114, 2007.
Selected manuscripts, in which the freezing module of HYDRUS-1D has been successfully used:
Watanabe, K., N. Toride, M. Sakai, and J. Šimůnek, Numerical modeling of water, heat, and solute transport during soil freezing, J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Physics, 106, 21-32, 2007.
Kurylyk, B. L., and K. Watanabe, The mathematical representation of freezing and thawing processes in variably-saturated, non-deformable soils, Advances in Water Resources, 60, 160–177, 2013.
Zhao, Y., B. Si, H. He, J. Xu, S. Peth, and R. Horn, Modeling of coupled water and heat transfer in freezing and thawing soils, Inner Mongolia, Water, 8, 424, pp. 18, doi:10.3390/w8100424, 2016.
Zheng, C., Y. Chen, W. Gao, X. Liang, J. Šimůnek, and X. Liu, Water transfer mechanisms and vapor flow effects in seasonally frozen soils, Journal of Hydrology, 627, Part A, 130401, 16 p., doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130401, 2023.